Three-phase reaction of lithium-sulfur battery

The present investigation fits the reaction kinetics of a lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery with polar electrolyte employing a novel two-phase continuum multipore model.

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Do lithium polysulfides sluggish redox reaction kinetics inhibit the shuttling of Li-S batteries?

The sluggish redox reaction kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) are considered the main obstacle to the commercial application of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. To accelerate the conversion by catalysis and inhibit the shuttling of soluble LiPSs in Li-S batteries, a solution is proposed in this study.

What is a phase diagram in a lithium s battery?

The phase diagram depicts phase equilibrium between the different sulfur species and therefore reflects the reaction thermodynamics of Li–S batteries. During the discharge of the sulfur cathode, the total amount of sulfur and blank electrolyte remains constant, whereas the Li to S ratio increases.

What is a lithium–sulfur (Li/s) battery?

We present a model of the lithium–sulfur (Li/S) battery based on a multi-step, elementary sulfur reduction mechanism including dissolved polysulfide anions.

What are the fundamental thermodynamic principles of sulfur redox reactions in Li-S batteries?

The fundamental thermodynamic principles of sulfur redox reactions in Li–S batteries are not fully understood. A ternary phase diagram is obtained after equilibrium between sulfur, lithium sulfide and dissolved polysulfides, which accurately describes the system evolution and predicts the behavior of Li–S batteries at an arbitrary given state.

How does a change in the reaction pathway affect battery performance?

The change in the reaction pathway accelerates the reaction kinetics of the battery and induces three-dimensional deposition of Li 2 S, resulting in excellent rate performance. 1. Introduction With the rapid development of the social economy and electrification, the demand for energy continues to increase.

What stumbling blocks hinder the development of lithium-sulfur batteries?

The complex interplay and only partial understanding of the multi-step phase transitions and reaction kinetics of redox processes in lithium–sulfur batteries are the main stumbling blocks that hinder the advancement and broad deployment of this electrochemical energy storage system.

Reaction kinetics of lithium–sulfur batteries with a …

The present investigation fits the reaction kinetics of a lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery with polar electrolyte employing a novel two-phase continuum multipore model.

Design of an Ultra-Highly Stable Lithium–Sulfur Battery by …

6 · Polysulfide shuttling and dendrite growth are two primary challenges that significantly limit the practical applications of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, a three-in-one strategy for a separator based on a localized electrostatic field is demonstrated to simultaneously achieve shuttle inhibition of polysulfides, catalytic activation of the Li–S reaction, and dendrite-free …

Structural Design of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: From …

1.3 Evaluation and Target of High-Energy Li–S Batteries 1.3.1 Parameterization of Li–S Battery Components Based on Gravimetric Energy Density. Gravimetric energy density is one of the most important parameters to evaluate the performance of Li–S batteries. Table 1 is the simulated components based on a Li–S soft package (Fig. 3a) used to estimate the practical gravimetric …

Enhancing lithium-sulfur battery performance with In2O3 …

To accelerate the conversion by catalysis and inhibit the shuttling of soluble LiPSs in Li-S batteries, a solution is proposed in this study. The solution involves fabrication of …

Lithium–sulfur battery

The lithium–sulfur battery (Li–S battery) is a type of rechargeable battery is notable for its high specific energy. [2] The low atomic weight of lithium and moderate atomic weight of sulfur means that Li–S batteries are relatively light (about the density of water). They were used on the longest and highest-altitude unmanned solar-powered aeroplane flight (at the time) by Zephyr 6 in ...

High‐Entropy Catalysis Accelerating Stepwise Sulfur Redox Reactions …

Catalysis is crucial to improve redox kinetics in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. However, conventional catalysts that consist of a single metal element are incapable of accelerating stepwise sulfur redox reactions which involve 16-electron transfer and multiple Li 2 S n (n = 2–8) intermediate species. To enable fast kinetics of Li–S batteries, it is proposed to use high …

Understanding the lithium–sulfur battery redox reactions via

Li–S redox involves multi-step chemical and phase transformations between solid sulfur, liquid polysulfides, and solid lithium sulfide (Li 2 S), that give rise to unique …

Insight into lithium–sulfur batteries: Elementary kinetic modeling …

We present a model of the lithium–sulfur (Li/S) battery based on a multi-step, elementary sulfur reduction mechanism including dissolved polysulfide anions. The model includes a description of the evolution of solid phases in the carbon/sulfur composite cathode as well as multi-component (Li +, PF 6 –, S 8, S 8 2 –, S 6 2 ...

Emerging All-Solid-State Lithium Sulfur Batteries: Holy Grails for ...

LSBs have been highlighted as secondary batteries with the potential for higher energy densities and lower costs than those of LIBs.7 Over the past decade, industry and academia have been …

Design of an Ultra-Highly Stable Lithium–Sulfur Battery by …

6 · Polysulfide shuttling and dendrite growth are two primary challenges that significantly limit the practical applications of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, a three-in-one strategy …

Accelerating lithium-sulfur battery reaction kinetics and inducing …

During discharge, Fe 3 Se 4 interacts with LiPSs to form Li x FeS y. The change in the reaction pathway accelerates the reaction kinetics of the battery and induces three-dimensional deposition of Li 2 S, resulting in excellent rate performance. 1. Introduction.

Phase equilibrium thermodynamics of lithium–sulfur batteries

In this work, phase equilibrium analysis is conducted to update the thermodynamic understanding on lithium−sulfur batteries. A ternary phase diagram is plotted …

Ion/Electron Co-Conductive Triple-Phase Interface Enabling Fast …

The triple-phase interface accelerates the kinetics of the soluble LiPSs and promotes uniform Li 2 S precipitation/dissolution. Additionally, the LLTO/C nanofibers decrease the reaction barrier of the LiPSs, significantly improving the conversion of LiPSs to Li 2 S and promoting rapid conversion.

Insight into lithium–sulfur batteries: Elementary kinetic modeling …

We present a model of the lithium–sulfur (Li/S) battery based on a multi-step, elementary sulfur reduction mechanism including dissolved polysulfide anions. The model …

Enhancing lithium-sulfur battery performance with In2O3 …

To accelerate the conversion by catalysis and inhibit the shuttling of soluble LiPSs in Li-S batteries, a solution is proposed in this study. The solution involves fabrication of N, S co-doped carbon coated In 2 O 3 /In 2 S 3 heterostructure (In 2 O 3 -In 2 S 3 @NSC) as a multifunctional host material for the cathode.

Accelerating lithium-sulfur battery reaction kinetics and …

The phase transfer effect of sulfur in lithium–sulfur batteries

The results confirmed that the insulating elemental sulfur in a Li–S battery could be reduced to high-grade polysulfides by low-grade polysulfides from the cathode, after which they could participate in the discharging process of the Li–S battery. This process was termed the phase transfer effect of sulfur in the Li–S battery and may ...

In-situ chemical state transition of Ni nano-metal catalytic site ...

Li-S batteries have emerged as prospective substitutes for lithium-ion batteries owing to their elevated energy density, cost-effectiveness in materials, and eco-friendly attributes [1], [2], [3], [4].Nonetheless, several challenges impede their practical application, including the electrical insulation characteristics of sulfur and discharge products (Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S), slow …

Recent progress and strategies of cathodes toward polysulfides …

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have already developed into one of the most promising new-generation high-energy density electrochemical energy storage systems with outstanding features including high-energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the development and commercialization path of LSBs still presents significant …

Phase equilibrium thermodynamics of lithium–sulfur batteries

In this work, phase equilibrium analysis is conducted to update the thermodynamic understanding on lithium−sulfur batteries. A ternary phase diagram is plotted following the equilibrium...

Ion/Electron Co-Conductive Triple-Phase Interface …

Fluorine-Modulated MXene-Derived Catalysts for Multiphase Sulfur ...

The redox kinetics and shuttle effect are responsible for the bottlenecks of a critical application for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. How to accelerate sulfur conversion and reduce the accumulation of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) is crucial in regulating the Li–S reaction processes [1, 2].When reacting with Li +, sulfur species undergo a solid-liquid phase …

A review on lithium-sulfur batteries: Challenge, development, …

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery is recognized as one of the promising candidates to break through the specific energy limitations of commercial lithium-ion batteries given the high theoretical specific energy, environmental friendliness, and low cost. Over the past decade, tremendous progress have been achieved in improving the electrochemical performance …

Emerging All-Solid-State Lithium Sulfur Batteries: Holy Grails for ...

LSBs have been highlighted as secondary batteries with the potential for higher energy densities and lower costs than those of LIBs.7 Over the past decade, industry and academia have been actively involved in developing practical LSBs, partic-ularly for use in aviation applications.8−10 For instance, Li-S Energy, in Brisbane, Australia, which is...

The phase transfer effect of sulfur in lithium–sulfur …

Future potential for lithium-sulfur batteries

In view of this, research and development are actively being conducted toward the commercialization of lithium-sulfur batteries, which do not use rare metals as the cathode active material and have high energy density; in addition, lithium and sulfur are naturally abundant. This review introduces the reaction principle of lithium-sulfur batteries to the latest …

A composite cathode with a three-dimensional ion/electron …

All-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) with solid electrolytes (SEs) are considered promising next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high theoretical specific capacity ...

Understanding the lithium–sulfur battery redox reactions via

Li–S redox involves multi-step chemical and phase transformations between solid sulfur, liquid polysulfides, and solid lithium sulfide (Li 2 S), that give rise to unique challenges in Li–S...

Reaction kinetics of lithium–sulfur batteries with a polar Li-ion ...

The present investigation fits the reaction kinetics of a lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery with polar electrolyte employing a novel two-phase continuum multipore model.

Advances in All-Solid-State Lithium–Sulfur Batteries for ...

Solid-state batteries are commonly acknowledged as the forthcoming evolution in energy storage technologies. Recent development progress for these rechargeable batteries has notably accelerated their trajectory toward achieving commercial feasibility. In particular, all-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) that rely on lithium–sulfur reversible redox …

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