Sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries are considered as a promising successor to the next-generation of high-capacity, low-cost and environmentally friendly sulfur-based battery systems. However, Na–S batteries still suffer from the "shuttle effect" and sluggish ion transport kinetics due to the dissolution of sodium polysulfides and poor conductivity of sulfur. MXenes, …
To examine the sulfur conversion mechanism of RT Na/S batteries, a series of composites containing varying amounts of sulfur have been synthesized using micro-mesoporous carbon host. A distinction can be made between the sulfur present externally and within the confined pores based on the analysis of their electrochemical behaviors.
In the systems of different electrolyte, the reaction mechanism of Na-S batteries is also very different. For example, NaPSs have a higher solubility in ether electrolytes, while S 8 and Na 2 S 2 /Na 2 S show lower solubility in ether electrolytes.
The investigation of all-solid-state sodium–sulfur batteries (ASSSBs) is still in its early stage, where the intermediates and mechanism of the complex 16-electron conversion reaction of the sulfur cathode remain unclear. Herein, this study presents a comprehensive investigation of the sulfur reaction mechan
In a sodium sulfide battery, molten sulfur is used as the cathode and molten sodium is used as the anode. The electrolyte is a solid ceramic-based electrolyte called sodium alumina. When the battery is discharged each sodium atom gives away one electron forming sodium ions. The electrons take the external circuitry to reach the positive terminal.
The as-developed sodium–sulfur batteries deliver high capacity and long cycling stability. To date, batteries based on alkali metal-ion intercalating cathode and anode materials, such as lithium-ion batteries, have been widely used in modern society from portable electronics to electric vehicles 1.
At 350 °C, the specific energy density of the battery reached 760 Wh/kg, which is approximately three times that of a lead-acid battery. As a result, sodium-sulfur batteries require approximately one-third of the area needed for lead-acid batteries in identical commercial applications .
Sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries are considered as a promising successor to the next-generation of high-capacity, low-cost and environmentally friendly sulfur-based battery systems. However, Na–S batteries still suffer from the "shuttle effect" and sluggish ion transport kinetics due to the dissolution of sodium polysulfides and poor conductivity of sulfur. MXenes, …
Under normal circumstances, a sodium-sulfur battery consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, a separator, and a casing. It is different from ordinary secondary batteries in that it is composed of molten electrodes and solid electrolytes.
High-energy rechargeable batteries based on earth-abundant materials are important for mobile and stationary storage technologies. Rechargeable sodium–sulfur batteries able to operate stably at ...
However, Na-S batteries operating at different temperatures possess a particular reaction mechanism; scrutinizing the optimized working conditions toward enhanced intrinsic activity is highly desirable while facing daunting challenges. This review will conduct a dialectical comparative analysis of Na-S batteries.
Herein, this study presents a comprehensive investigation of the sulfur reaction mechanism in ASSSBs by combining electrochemical measurements, ex situ synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), in situ Raman spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations.
Specifically, we review the electrochemical principles and the current technical challenges of RT-Na-S batteries, and discuss the strategies to address these obstacles.
Among the various battery systems, room-temperature sodium sulfur (RT-Na/S) batteries have been regarded as one of the most promising candidates with excellent performance-to-price ratios. Sodium (Na) element accounts for …
Zhu, W., et al.: Investigation of the reaction mechanism of lithium sulfur batteries in different electrolyte systems by: in situ Raman spectroscopy and in situ X-ray diffraction. Sustain. Energy Fuels 1, 737–747 (2017) CAS Google Scholar Marceau, H., et al.: In operando scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy ...
Specifically, crystal sulfur outside the pores is reduced to polysulfides, leading to irreversible reactions with carbonate solvents. Meanwhile, amorphous sulfur within the narrow pores undergoes an activation process during the first discharge and experiences a reversible conversion in subsequent cycles through a two-step solid-state reaction.
In this study, the electrochemical properties of a Na–S battery with a TEGDME electrolyte are investigated. The mechanism of the charge–discharge reaction is examined by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and charge–discharge curves. 2. Experimental. All raw materials were pretreated before use.
However, Na-S batteries operating at different temperatures possess a particular reaction mechanism; scrutinizing the optimized working conditions toward enhanced intrinsic …
Specifically, crystal sulfur outside the pores is reduced to polysulfides, leading to irreversible reactions with carbonate solvents. Meanwhile, amorphous sulfur within the narrow …
In this study, the electrochemical properties of a Na–S battery with a TEGDME electrolyte are investigated. The mechanism of the charge–discharge reaction is examined by …
For performance improvement of RT-Na/S batteries, a full understanding of the actual reaction process and discharge products is needed. In this work, we discovered the most stable structure of Na 2 S 3 and a new phase of Na 2 S 2 (γ-Na 2 S 2) by using first-principles unbiased structure searching calculations.
For performance improvement of RT-Na/S batteries, a full understanding of the actual reaction process and discharge products is needed. In this work, we discovered the most stable structure of Na 2 S 3 and a new …
Based on the thermodynamic mechanism, the sulfur cathode undergoes a three-step solid-solid redox reaction, with S8 first reducing to Na2S5 and Na2S4, then to Na2S2, and finally to Na2S, resulting in a three-plateau voltage profile.
Specifically, we review the electrochemical principles and the current technical challenges of RT-Na-S batteries, and discuss the strategies to address these obstacles.
Based on the thermodynamic mechanism, the sulfur cathode undergoes a three-step solid-solid redox reaction, with S8 first reducing to Na2S5 and Na2S4, then to Na2S2, and finally to …
Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Capacity Enhancement and Discharge Mechanisms of Room‐Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries" by Xingwen Yu et al. Skip to search form Skip to main content Skip to account menu Semantic Scholar''s Logo. Search 223,021,193 papers from all fields of science. Search. Sign In Create Free Account. DOI: …
Researchers have been intensively investigating Room-Temperature Sodium-Sulfur (RT-Na/S) batteries, which operate around 25 °C-35 °C. RT-Na/S batteries can completely convert S 8 to Na 2 S, so they have a high theoretical energy density (1274 Wh kg −1) [12–15].
Traditional sodium-sulfur batteries are used at a temperature of about 300 °C. In order to solve problems associated with flammability, explosiveness and energy loss caused by high-temperature use conditions, most research is now focused on the development of room temperature sodium-sulfur batteries. Regardless of safety performance or energy storage …
Under normal circumstances, a sodium-sulfur battery consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, a separator, and a casing. It is different from ordinary secondary …
Indium triiodide as redox mediator simultaneously increases the kinetic transformation of sodium sulfide on the cathode and forms a passivating indium layer on the anode to prevent it from...
Researchers have been intensively investigating Room-Temperature Sodium-Sulfur (RT-Na/S) batteries, which operate around 25 °C-35 °C. RT-Na/S batteries can completely convert S 8 to Na 2 S, so they have a high theoretical energy …
A commercialized high temperature Na-S battery shows upper and lower plateau voltage at 2.075 and 1.7 V during discharge [6], [7], [8].The sulfur cathode has theoretical capacity of 1672, 838 and 558 mAh g − 1 sulfur, if all the elemental sulfur changed to Na 2 S, Na 2 S 2 and Na 2 S 3 respectively [9] bining sulfur cathode with sodium anode and suitable …
Indium triiodide as redox mediator simultaneously increases the kinetic transformation of sodium sulfide on the cathode and forms a passivating indium layer on the …
Herein, this study presents a comprehensive investigation of the sulfur reaction mechanism in ASSSBs by combining electrochemical measurements, ex situ synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), in …
The sodium-sulfur battery holds great promise as a technology that is based on inexpensive, abundant materials and that offers 1230 Wh kg −1 theoretical energy density that would be of strong practicality in stationary energy storage applications including grid storage. In practice, the performance of sodium-sulfur batteries at room temperature is being significantly …
Cut-away schematic diagram of a sodium–sulfur battery. A sodium–sulfur (NaS) ... This mechanism is not mentioned in later publications. Passing current (e.g. >1 A/cm2) through beta-alumina can cause temperature gradient (e.g. > 50 °C/ 2 mm) in the electrolyte, which in turn results in a thermal stress. [39] Applications. Grid and standalone systems. NaS batteries can …
Room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries are promising grid-scale energy storage systems owing to their high energy density and low cost. However, their application is limited by the dissolution of long-chain sodium polysulfides and slow redox kinetics. To address these issues, a cobalt single-atom catalyst with N/O dual coordination was derived from a …
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