The scope of the indicator is to consider which part of the total energy required by the building/group of buildings (or by a specific function, such as heating or artificial lighting) and/or the generation from RES, during a certain period, is stored-in and then released from the storage system.
KPIs play a key role in quantifying the energy flexibility of buildings . However, due to the diversity of application scopes, technologies, data types, and interested stakeholders, there is no clear picture of when and how these KPIs can be used.
Similarly, Hanak et al. (Hanak et al. 2015) defined KPIs to estimate reliability indices based on the uncertainty of the input to a process model of a coal-fired power plant. A first attempt to collect organized KPIs used in thermal energy storage (TES) can be found in (Cabeza et al. 2015).
This is a significant step towards testing and benchmarking the energy flexibility KPIs reviewed above. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this survey and analysis is the first standardized effort to curate open datasets for quantifying building energy flexibility.
The main KPIs to allow the assessment of ESSs in buildings are presented and descried below. 1. Storage capacity This is the quantity of stored energy in the storage system or available immediately after it is completely charged.
Data requirements: Depending on the application scopes and use cases, energy flexibility KPIs have diverse input data requirements for their computation. The temporal and spatial data requirements, as well as the variable types needed for the KPIs’ calculation, were also investigated.
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