(PDF) Developing Pricing Strategy in a Closed-Loop …
Electric vehicles are expected to become a major means of transportation in the future, but entail the challenge of collecting used electric vehicle batteries. This article examines pricing...
Electric vehicles are expected to become a major means of transportation in the future, but entail the challenge of collecting used electric vehicle batteries. This article examines pricing...
Within the historical period, cost reductions resulting from cathode active materials (CAMs) prices and enhancements in specific energy of battery cells are the most cost-reducing factors, whereas the scrap rate development mechanism is concluded to be the most influential factor in the following years.
Education programs aimed at consumers and businesses about the benefits of remanufacturing can also increase acceptance and demand for remanufactured batteries. This research can be further extended in several directions. Firstly, we assume that information such as production costs and market demand is known and transparent.
Additionally, higher recycling and buyback prices incentivize the return of used batteries, further supporting a sustainable and efficient closed-loop supply chain. Fig. 5. Impact of s on decision variables. Fig. 6 (a) shows that the demand for EV power batteries rises if s increases.
When production R&D leads to cost savings in remanufacturing, it encourages EV power battery manufacturer to increase production R&D effort. Manufacturer adopting a “self-producing and self-collecting” approach are inclined to invest more in R&D to capitalize on further savings, leading to higher wholesale and retail prices.
To ensure cost-efficient battery cell manufacturing, transparency is necessary regarding overall manufacturing costs, their cost drivers, and the monetary value of potential cost reductions. Driven by these requirements, a cost model for a large-scale battery cell factory is developed.
Jiao et al. (2023) found that the combination of carbon trading scheme, mature technology, and moderate competition recycling market is the best way to optimize the decision-making of power battery CLSC. A summary of the most relevant literature is given in Table 1.
Electric vehicles are expected to become a major means of transportation in the future, but entail the challenge of collecting used electric vehicle batteries. This article examines pricing...
Results show that hybrid strategies could significantly increase the demand and recycling volume, thus positively affecting the profitability of the entire closed-loop supply chain.
Cost-efficient battery cell manufacturing is a topic of intense discussion in both industry and academia, as battery costs are crucial for the market...
Research on coordination of the NEV battery closed-loop supply chain considering CSR and fairness concerns in third-party recycling models
Our research explores how China''s power battery manufacturers can adapt their export strategies to the EU''s carbon barrier policies. Additionally, we examine the roles of government ...
we raise our forecast for battery cost per kWh (weighted-average price factoring in the cathode composition). Specifically, we revise our 2025 battery cost forecast to US$105, from US$100 previously. We also lower our annualized cost decline forecast for 2021-2025 to 5%, from 6% previously. While we think some of the increase in input
we raise our forecast for battery cost per kWh (weighted-average price factoring in the cathode composition). Specifically, we revise our 2025 battery cost forecast to US$105, from US$100 …
The rising prices of car batteries impact various manufacturers differently, influencing their market strategies and consumer prices. Tesla : Tesla relies heavily on lithium-ion batteries. As battery prices increase, Tesla may raise vehicle prices to maintain profit margins.
This study employs a high-resolution bottom-up cost model, incorporating factors such as manufacturing innovations, material price fluctuations, and cell performance improvements to analyze historical and projected LiB cost trajectories. Our research predicts …
In this study, we develop a Stackelberg game to examine an EV power battery CLSC. Our investigation focuses on how production R&D and government subsidy influence the pricing strategies of EV power battery manufacturer and retailer. The key findings are outlined as follows: (1) Production R&D may lead to higher pricing for EV power batteries ...
To determine a vertical cooperation strategy and address the optimal pricing problem of the electric vehicle (EV) supply chain, a supply chain system consisting of two competing EV manufacturers (M 1 and M 2) and a battery supplier is studied.
Results show that hybrid strategies could significantly increase the demand and recycling volume, thus positively affecting the profitability of the entire closed-loop supply …
This paper examines an electric vehicle manufacturer''s (EVM) battery outsourcing decision and product choice strategy in a two‐stage supply chain consisting of a battery supplier and an EVM that ...
Increasing demand for battery-operated material-handling equipment due to heightened industrial automation, stringent government mandates for environmental protection, a rising appetite for consumer electronics, and a reduction in lithium-ion battery prices are major drivers of this expansion. The automotive sector, in particular, is poised for significant growth, …
The present review summarizes numerous research studies that explore advanced cooling strategies for battery thermal management in EVs. Research studies on phase change material cooling and direct ...
In order to optimise total profits in the whole supply chain in different batteries period of use, this paper develops the optimal pricing strategy between manufacturer and …
Our analysis identifies two main types of government subsidy strategies for power battery modular innovation investments: technology investment subsidies and …
This warrants further analysis based on future trends in material prices. The effect of increased battery material prices differed across various battery chemistries in 2022, with the strongest increase being observed for LFP batteries (over 25%), while NMC batteries experienced an increase of less than 15%. Since LFP batteries contain neither ...
However, an increase in the modular design level of power batteries also increases the cost incurred by the battery manufacturer, leading them to raise the wholesale price of power batteries, transferring the increased costs to downstream automobile manufacturers. Automobile manufacturers, to maintain their profits, increase the retail price of new energy …
In order to optimise total profits in the whole supply chain in different batteries period of use, this paper develops the optimal pricing strategy between manufacturer and remanufacturer,...
What could be the strategies to reduce the cost of batteries? Relative importance and ranking of these strategies? This is the culmination of the first two steps and outlines options for policy makers to reduce the cost of batteries.
Our analysis identifies two main types of government subsidy strategies for power battery modular innovation investments: technology investment subsidies and production volume subsidies. Technology investment subsidies, exemplified by policies in Germany and South Korea, primarily support battery technology research and innovation.
1.3 Paper organization. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 provides a review of thermal, electrical, and mechanical optimization studies for EV batteries, covering battery cell thermal management, battery liquid/air cooling, battery charging strategies, and mechanical optimization. Section 2 is related to the thermal system (cooling), …
In this study, we develop a Stackelberg game to examine an EV power battery CLSC. Our investigation focuses on how production R&D and government subsidy influence …
What could be the strategies to reduce the cost of batteries? Relative importance and ranking of these strategies? This is the culmination of the first two steps and outlines options for policy …
To determine a vertical cooperation strategy and address the optimal pricing problem of the electric vehicle (EV) supply chain, a supply chain system consisting of two competing EV manufacturers (M 1 and M 2) and a …
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