Time and space lithium battery pack

What batteries are used in space?

The primary batteries used for space applications include Ag Zn, Li-SO 2, Li-SOCl 2, Li-BC X, Li-CFx, and secondary rechargeable batteries are Ag Zn Ni Cd, Ni H 2, and Li-ion. In these battery systems, the Ag Zn battery was used in the early days of space missions such as the Russian spacecraft “Sputnik” and the US spacecraft “Ranger 3” .

How to choose a battery system for a spacecraft?

The selection of any battery system for the spacecraft application mainly depends on its specific (Wh/kg) and volumetric energy density (Wh/L) at a greater DOD and also the cycle numbers and calendar life of the battery. Sealed lead-acid batteries were mostly used for small satellites and experimental satellites.

Are Li-ion batteries safe for space applications?

Due to the extreme importance of appropriate design, test, and hazard control of Li-ion batteries, it is recommended that all Government and industry users and vendors of this technology for space applications, especially involving humans, use this document for appropriate guidance prior to implementing the technology.

When should a battery be used in a space mission?

This technology is preferred when the expected duration of the mission is 2–3 years long. These batteries are known to have 30,000 LEO cycles at 20–30 % DOD and exceeding 1000 GEO cycles at 50 % DOD . In space missions, the power to weight ratio is significant as it incurs a high cost.

Why are lithium ion batteries used in space missions?

Lithium-ion battery for space application Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are presently being used for these missions because they are compact, lightweight (50 % weight reduction can be possible over Ni H 2), and have much lower thermal dissipation. Also, LIBs have matured technology and are used in many consumer products.

Which rechargeable batteries are used in space missions?

The utilization of rechargeable batteries such as silver‑zinc (Ag Zn), nickel‑cadmium (Ni Cd), nickel‑hydrogen (Ni H 2), and lithium-ion (Li-ion) have been increasing in space missions , as shown in Table 8. Table 8. Battery chemistry deployed in different space missions.