A critical review of the circular economy for lithium-ion batteries and photovoltaic modules – status, challenges, and opportunities Garvin A. Heath a Strategic Energy Analysis Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA;b Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis, Golden, CO, USA Correspondence [email protected]
As regulations and economic factors are ranked the highest by the expert panel, this is a clear indication that currently, the circular economy practice of spent lithium-ion batteries needs development at a system level in parallel with the growth of spent battery volumes. 6.3. Limitations and further research
Answering the second research question, “ What are the main drivers to develop circular business models in the lithium-ion battery market?”, “National and international regulation and policies” followed by “Economic benefits” are considered the main drivers for developing CBMs in the LIB market.
Barriers importance for circular business models of lithium-ion batteries. The experts stress that similar to the drivers' findings, most barriers are linked; therefore, identifying a sole dominant barrier is not expected to occur. The highest-rated barrier was “Financial”, reflecting challenges such as incentives and financial viability.
At the same time, it may contribute to the circular economy by converting hazardous waste into a raw material. Moreover, by recovering lithium from wastewater, Li production can be bolstered to meet the growing demands and power the energy economy.
Circular business model potential to recapture value from spent lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles. More than half of the experts in the first round declared knowledge of organizations developing CBMs or technical applications to recover value from used LIBs. 13 experts out of 21 answered that they knew businesses reusing LIBs from EVs.
Future research should focus on more in-depth analyses of the assessment categories presented, for example, by studying the value creation and capture in circular business models to upscale the remanufacturing and second use practices of lithium-ion batteries, including empirical data analysis.
A critical review of the circular economy for lithium-ion batteries and photovoltaic modules – status, challenges, and opportunities Garvin A. Heath a Strategic Energy Analysis Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA;b Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis, Golden, CO, USA Correspondence [email protected]
Global efforts to tackle climate change and the rise in popularity of electric vehicles and portable electronic devices have engendered a demand explosion for lithium-ion …
Circular business model potential to recapture value from spent lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles. Drivers for circular business models of lithium-ion batteries.
Learn More NIST Activities. An internal workshop on current NIST lithium battery research efforts (report coming soon). Circular Economy in the High-Tech World, an external workshop on material circularity for High Tech products.. Watch the recording.; Read the workshop report.; Read the peer-reviewed journal article.; Engaging with stakeholders through …
The European Union (EU) Battery Regulation aims to establish a circular battery production and sets minimum battery material recycled targets for new batteries from post …
One strategy to secure the material supply for batteries and simultaneously reduce the life cycle environmental impacts of batteries is the implementation of a circular economy for batteries, chiefly lithium-ion battery materials. In a circular economy, material cycles are narrowed, slowed, and closed to form cyclical or cascading material ...
Lithium is a key raw material for producing lithium-ion batteries. This study applies system dynamics modelling to demonstrate the (1) global lithium demand in specific lithium applications from 2005 to 2050, (2) the …
Due to the rapid expansion of electric vehicles and portable electronics, the demand for lithium-ion batteries is increasing, resulting in supply risks in obtaining lithium, …
Lithium batteries, essential for various technologies, have a recycling rate of only 1%, significantly lower than the 99% rate of lead-acid batteries and falling short of the UN''s Sustainable Development Goals. Current Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) policies are flawed, with CEOs prioritizing lithium mining over recycling, disrupting the circular …
Lithium batteries are characterized by high specific energy, high efficiency, and long life. Their specific properties have increased the consumer electronics market, with production in the order of billions of units per year. The first attempts to create lithium batteries were made in 1970. After primary cells, secondary ...
Lithium batteries are characterized by high specific energy, high efficiency, and long life. Their specific properties have increased the consumer electronics market, with …
Lithium is a key raw material for producing lithium-ion batteries. This study applies system dynamics modelling to demonstrate the (1) global lithium demand in specific lithium applications from 2005 to 2050, (2) the adequacy of lithium reserves for future lithium demand, (3) lithium content of waste streams throughout lithium value chain and ...
The Delphi study method was used to identify circular business models for spent lithium-ion batteries, along with the key drivers, barriers, and stakeholders to consider. The invited expert panel shared valuable experience and knowledge. Findings map vital aspects to better cope with the complexity of circular economy for lithium-ion batteries ...
The European Union (EU) Battery Regulation aims to establish a circular battery production and sets minimum battery material recycled targets for new batteries from post-production and post-consumer waste batteries. However, it is uncertain whether these targets can be met due to dynamic market developments and if their compliance results in ...
Extending battery lifetime and enabling direct recycling, where anode and cathode materials maintain their structure and functionality, are key strategies to increase sustainability and profitability. However, their …
The global consumption of the metal is mainly in the lithium battery sector: 46% of the lithium produced is used for battery production. However, glass and ceramics manufacturing consume a significant amount as …
This Perspective highlights design for circularity as an enabler for improved battery longevity and direct recycling and represents a key tipping element for reducing cost and increasing sustainability in LIB production and disposition concurrently. We outline challenges and opportunities in battery production with special focus on the European ...
The value of Li-ion batteries as the energy storage devices is demonstrated by their ongoing rise in their production rate and market share. About 4500 million cells of lithium-ion battery were manufactured in 2011, representing a 43% growth in comparison to 2008 (Bernhart, 2014).Globally, the market sold nearly 5600 million LIB cells in 2015 (Pillot, 2017), and it is …
The lithium-ion battery value chain is set to grow by over 30 percent annually from 2022-2030, in line with the rapid uptake of electric vehicles and other clean energy technologies. The scaling of the value chain calls for a …
The lithium-ion battery value chain is set to grow by over 30 percent annually from 2022-2030, in line with the rapid uptake of electric vehicles and other clean energy technologies. The scaling of the value chain calls for a dramatic increase in the production, refining and recycling of key minerals, but more importantly, it must take place ...
2.1 Circular Economy. According to Kirchherr, Reike and Hekkert [], CE is a new field of study, as about 73% of the definitions are from the last 5 years.They also indicate that many studies on CE are conducted by non-academic figures, defined as gray literature [11, 12, 27].According to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation [], CE is "an economy that is restorative or …
Extending battery lifetime and enabling direct recycling, where anode and cathode materials maintain their structure and functionality, are key strategies to increase sustainability and profitability. However, their implementation necessitates a shift in …
Due to the rapid expansion of electric vehicles and portable electronics, the demand for lithium-ion batteries is increasing, resulting in supply risks in obtaining lithium, cobalt, and other materials, as well as issues associated with spent battery disposal.
The resulting lithium is then precipitated, typically as lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide, and refined to meet purity standards for battery production and other industrial applications. [ 14 ] While lithium is essential to produce batteries used in electric vehicles and other clean energy technologies, its extraction from conventional sources, such as hard rock …
The functional unit is defined as the production of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for EVs to meet the demand of European passenger vehicle market using material from primary and secondary sources from 2020 to 2050. Thereby, the battery pack capacity ranges from 20 up to 100 kWh, based on the respective vehicle segment. The model is structured in a foreground …
Such circular practice may reduce the production of new LIBs (Rallo et al., 2020) and be environmentally beneficial ... and lack of technical standards. However, the panel commented that technological solutions for a lithium-ion battery circular economy could be found if the financial barriers are solved. Regarding stakeholders, governments and institutions were …
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