The patents on photovoltaic cells are concentrated in the area of semiconductors for the conversion of solar radiation into electric energy, in the area of generators for the direct conversion of light energy into electric energy and in the area of solar panels adapted for roof structures.
In the ninth position, with 151 patents, is First Solar, a US company one of the largest manufacturers of photovoltaic solar modules with production units in the United States, Malaysia, Germany and Pakistan.
There is a prominence of deposited patents for polymer-based photovoltaic cell technologies, carbon nanostructures, III-V compounds, CdTe and amorphous silicon cells. The objective of this article is to identify the technological development of photovoltaic cells by the analysis of patents.
Photovoltaic cell patent registrations are a valuable data set in the analysis and diffusion of PV technology and R&D activities. The dynamics of PV R&D activity is considered high, documented in a large increase in PV patent documents .
The evolution of the total number of patent documents on photovoltaic cells per country in the period from 2004 to 2013 is shown in Fig. 7. It can be seen that the first two positions are occupied by the United States and China respectively, followed by Japan, Germany and South Korea. Fig. 7.
The number of scientific publications corroborates with the number of patents in terms of representativeness per country, since, through Fig. 6, it can be observed that of the 17,888 publications, the United States, China, Japan, South Korea and Germany were the main countries that published on photovoltaic cells in the period 2004–2013. Fig. 6.
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