When the mercury plummets, so does EV battery efficiency and available range. Cold weather also brings additional demands on the car’s systems: in a cold snap most drivers will turn the cabin temperature up and switch on the heated seats and steering wheel – all features that make us toasty, but draw more power from the batteries on board.
The technical explanation for the loss of power has to do with the lithium ions that produce electricity in an EV battery. When it gets cold, they flow more slowly through the liquid electrolyte and release less energy. What's it like to drive an electric pickup truck in the subarctic?
Better, more efficient batteries that are less susceptible to cold are being developed all the time. For instance, battery tech company StoreDot has come up with a new type of battery cell that it claims can still deliver 70% of its charge in temperatures of -20deg C – colder than the conditions during the NAF test – a loss of 30%.
Freezing temperatures can have a significant impact on an electric vehicle's battery, but experts say there are ways to mitigate the effects of extreme cold. An interior view of the charging monitor of a GM Hummer EV as it is being charged in Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., on Feb. 22, 2023. (Carlos Osorio/The Associated Press)
New materials would help the cars of the future survive cold snaps and other climate disruptions A bitter cold snap in Chicago forced electric vehicle (EV) drivers to wait in line for hours at charging stations last month; some even found themselves stranded when their battery died while they waited in the queues.
Winter has officially hit the UK and the plummeting temperatures have also come with a nasty side effect for electric cars: many EV owners are realising that their batteries’ performance and driving range suffers significantly in cold weather.
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The effect of cold in winter on a battery is even more drastic in an analysis conducted by Geotab in 2023. The manufacturer of telematics solutions for vehicles examined anonymised data from 5.2 million journeys made by 4,200 electric vehicles. If the temperature dropped to -15 degrees Celsius, the vehicles lost 46 per cent of their rated range.
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In cold temperatures, this will require even more energy from your battery, making it work harder to provide the energy needed to activate the starter motor and crank the engine. And while your battery needs to provide more energy in the cold, its capacity also diminishes. In fact, when the temperature is at 32°F, your battery will lose about ...
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