a) Schematic of the p-i-n device stack. b) Current density–voltage characteristics recorded in forward (dashed lines) and backward (solid lines) scan directions of the best performing Cs 0.1 FA 0.6 MA 0.3 Pb 0.5 Sn 0.5 I 3 solar cells, processed with 2 mol% GuaSCN, 5 mol% SnF 2, and 0, 1, 2, 4, or 10 mol% GlyHCl.c) External quantum efficiency of the same …
This structure is referred to as low-temperature due to the processing temperatures of the carbon electrode, which are low enough (≤120 °C) to avoid the decomposition of the perovskite absorber. Therefore, the perovskite can be deposited before the carbon electrode, eliminating the need to infiltrate the precursor solution through the carbon.
The feasibility of the charge exchange between the perovskite and the carbon electrode was examined through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, where the low charge transfer resistance in the high-frequency region was reported to demonstrate a favourable charge transfer to the low-temperature carbon electrode. [ 108]
Moreover, the band alignment of the carbon electrode with the perovskite layer must be engineered to create an ohmic contact for efficient hole (electron) extraction and prevent electron (hole) backscattering in an n– i –p (p– i –n) architecture.
In future, carbon electrodes can be further modified in terms of their extraction capability. Besides, the composition of carbon electrodes and the passivation between interfaces are all necessary to improve the efficiency of carbon electrode perovskite solar cells and facilitate their subsequent commercialization.
This review aims to summarize the significant research work carried out in recent years and provide an extensive overview of the electrodes used till date in perovskite solar cells. We present a critical survey of the recent progress on the aspect of electrodes to be used in perovskite solar cells.
The stability of the perovskite solar cells has been associated with the selection of proper materials for electrodes. Effects such as diffusion of elements from the electrodes to the internal layers, obstruction to moisture and oxygen, proper adhesion, and resistance to corrosion should also be taken under consideration.
a) Schematic of the p-i-n device stack. b) Current density–voltage characteristics recorded in forward (dashed lines) and backward (solid lines) scan directions of the best performing Cs 0.1 FA 0.6 MA 0.3 Pb 0.5 Sn 0.5 I 3 solar cells, processed with 2 mol% GuaSCN, 5 mol% SnF 2, and 0, 1, 2, 4, or 10 mol% GlyHCl.c) External quantum efficiency of the same …
Recently many studies have shown the potentials of using a carbon electrode because of its conductivity, flexibility, low cost, and ease of fabrication. This review article presents an overview of using carbon materials …
This work paves the way for scientists in the perovskite community to accelerate the development of advanced, efficient, stable, low-cost, and sustainable perovskite PV devices with carbon-based electrodes, which contain enormous …
Recently many studies have shown the potentials of using a carbon electrode because of its conductivity, flexibility, low cost, and ease of fabrication. This review article presents an overview of using carbon materials to replace …
With carbon paste electrode, the spin-coated perovskite solar cells obtained a high efficiency of 20.04% while the blade-coated cells generated 18.5% [26, 28]. For carbon electrode perovskite solar cells, the interfacial contact between carbon electrode and …
Flexible perovskite solar cells have been fabricated using a back-contact carbon electrode in a p–i–n device structure. Superior electronic contact can be obtained at the interface of transport layer with carbon by incorporating an ultrathin chromium buffer layer before the carbon electrode.
Recently many studies have shown the potentials of using a carbon electrode because of its conductivity, flexibility, low cost, and ease of fabrication. This review article presents an overview...
The research shows that, with 0.05 wt% SWCNTs in the CP, the work function of the resultant CE decreases from 4.10 eV to 4.70 eV, which reduces the energy mismatch …
Here, we report on a new design of air electrode using perovskites for the so called "monolithic" carbon-free gas diffusion electrode (GDEs) where the traditional gas diffusion layer made from carbon-based material is avoided and thus the corrosion rate is reduced. The structural details of the employed LSM (La0.80Sr0.20MnO3-δ) and LSCF …
As the core component, the electrode offers both active sites for redox reactions and pathways for mass and charge transports, directly associating with the activity and durability of aqueous flow batteries [22, 23].Traditional electrode materials including carbon felt (CF) [14], graphite felt (GF) [18], carbon paper (CP) [24] and carbon cloth (CC) [25] possess the …
Recently many studies have shown the potentials of using a carbon electrode because of its conductivity, flexibility, low cost, and ease of fabrication. This review article presents an overview...
Flexible perovskite solar cells have been fabricated using a back-contact carbon electrode in a p–i–n device structure. Superior electronic contact can be obtained at the …
Recently many studies have shown the potentials of using a carbon electrode because of its conductivity, flexibility, low cost, and ease of fabrication. This review article presents an …
Therefore, the development of perovskite-compatible carbon pastes and carbon electrodes is of great significance in obtaining high-performance carbon-based PSCs. Herein, carbon pastes based on low polar …
We examine recent efforts to improve energetic alignment at the perovskite–carbon interface, including modifications of the carbon-electrode work function and the use of interfacial layers …
We examine recent efforts to improve energetic alignment at the perovskite–carbon interface, including modifications of the carbon-electrode work function and the use of interfacial layers bridging the perovskite and carbon electrode. Additionally, we discuss innovative approaches, such as the use of a hole-selective bilayer, which not only ...
With this perovskite-friendly carbon paste, the perovskite layer retained dense and uniform morphology, and the contact resistance at electrode/perovskite interface was reduced, showing the importance of solvent selection. Since perovskites are sensitive to processing solvents, dry transfer fabrication is a relatively simple and safe way to construct …
Data were gathered by using COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.6 simulation software via simulating the Li-ion battery under study. COMSOL Multiphysics is a simulation software based on finite element solutions, scientists have the capability to develop advanced models that elucidate the complex interactions among the components of a lithium-ion battery, …
For carbon electrode perovskite solar cells, the interfacial contact between carbon electrode and perovskite is of great significance to the performance of solar cells [29].Adding hole transport layers (HTLs) can be always helpful in enhancing the efficiency of the devices [19].However, the traditional 2,2′,7,7′-Tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′ …
Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications.
Recently many studies have shown the potentials of using a carbon electrode because of its conductivity, flexibility, low cost, and ease of fabrication. This review article presents an overview of using carbon materials to replace the top electrode in perovskite photovoltaics.
After more than 10 years of intensive optimization, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have now reached the point where the step towards their commercialization is expected. In order to move in this direction, the upscaling …
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