Stock image. China’s early move to tap new centers of lithium supply across Africa is reaping rewards, helping the top electric-vehicle battery producer navigate a tight market for the key metal.
Zimbabwe is home to Africa’s largest lithium reserves, a critical element in electric-vehicle battery production. In 2023 Prospect Lithium Zimbabwe, a subsidiary of Chinese company Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt, opened a US$300 million lithium processing plant.
Commodity trading giant Trafigura predicts Africa could supply a fifth of the world’s lithium in 2030 while Susan Zou, an analyst at Rystad Energy, says the continent “could be a rising star for lithium minerals”. “If you look at the development of mines in Africa, they are quick.”
Still, nations in Africa are likely to follow other countries in seeking to keep more revenue from lithium supplies at home by adding processing or refining plants that can raise the value of exports. Zimbabwe and Namibia have recently introduced measures to discourage or prohibit exports of raw lithium ore.
Last month, Africa’s first Chinese-owned lithium concentrate plant started up trial production at Arcadia, in Zimbabwe. That mine was bought by Huayou Cobalt in 2021 for $422mn, part of a recent billion-dollar wave of Chinese lithium deals in a country where many western investors fear to tread.
Sichuan Yahua Industrial Group Co. has a stake in a project in Ethiopia. “Chinese investment in Africa is definitely the largest source of capital for battery material supply in recent years,” said Martin Jackson, London-based head of battery raw materials at CRU Group.
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There are examples of successful partnerships spurring the development of Africa''s battery supply chain. Zitto Alfayo, head of project preparation at Afreximbank UK, highlighted the partnership between the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), home to lithium and cobalt resources, and Zambia, which is well endowed with manganese and copper.
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